A TIMELINE OF ROCKETSHIP CINEMA
 
REAL WORLD EVENTS YEAR SF CINEMA EVENTS
 
Tsiolkovsky publishes EXPLORING SPACE WITH DEVICES, discussing applications of liquid propellants 1902 Méliès LE VOYAGE DANS LA LUNE (A Trip to the Moon)
Wright Brothers' first flight, Kitty Hawk, NC 1903  
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Robert Goddard determines that liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen would make a viable fuel source 1909  
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Goddard receives patents for numerous rocket innovations 1914  
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Herman Oberth publishes DIE RAKETE ZU DEN PLANETRAUMEN (The Rocket into Interplanetary Space) 1923 AELITA, QUEEN OF MARS
Central Committee for the Study of Rocket Propulsion is established in USSR 1924  
  1925  
Goddard tests the first successful liquid-fueled rocket 1926 METROPOLIS
German rocket enthusiasts form the Society for Space Travel.  Herman Oberth is an early member. 1927  
Oberth acts as consultant to Fritz Lang's film FRAU IM MOND (Woman in the Moon) 1928  
  1929  Fritz Lang's film  invents the countdown in FRAU IM MOND (Woman in the Moon)
The 30s:
     Sound has arrived in the movies, and a Depression-era public of young movie-goers want weekly thrills and escapism for their 10¢ admission.  The movie serial mines fertile ground in the FLASH GORDON and BUCK ROGERS newspaper strips, and sets new expectations of what space films are all about.
  1930 JUST IMAGINE, the first (and last) science-fiction art deco musical
  1931  
Werner Von Braun and colleagues demonstrate working rockets to the German Army 1932  
Adolf Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany 1933  
  1934  
Robert Goddard's latest rocket breaks the sound barrier 1935  
  1936 FLASH GORDON, a 13-part serial based on the newspaper strip, premieres in theaters.

THINGS TO COME opens, with a script by HG Wells

  1937  
  1938 FLASH GORDON'S TRIP TO MARS
War begins in Europe 1939 BUCK ROGERS premieres as a 12-part serial
  1940 FLASH GORDON CONQUERS THE UNIVERSE in 12 exciting chapters!

DOCTOR CYCLOPS, the first major SF film in color

Pearl Harbor - US enters World War II 1941  
  1942  
  1943  
Hitler's V-2 rockets begin dropping their explosives on England.  Stock footage of these rockets would fill in for special effects footage in countless 50s SF movies. 1944  
The age of nuclear power begins. 1945  
  1946  
  1947  
  1948 CAPTAIN VIDEO premieres on the Dumont TV Network.
  1949 KING OF THE ROCKETMEN, the first Commando Cody serial
THE 50S:
     Following the success of the Nazi rocket programs in World War II and the dawning of the nuclear age, space travel was now more believeable to the public than ever.  From the comic-strip heroics of Flash Gordon, space travellers began to fit the more realistic mold of adventurous scientists.
  1950 DESTINATION MOON
ROCKETSHIP X-M

SPACE PATROL premieres on ABC TV
TOM CORBETT, SPACE CADET premieres

  1951 FLIGHT TO MARS
THE THING (From Another World)
CAPTAIN VIDEO (15 chapter serial)
THE DAY THE EARTH STOOD STILL
FLYING DISC MAN FROM MARS (12 chapters)
THE MAN FROM PLANET X
WHEN WORLDS COLLIDE
  1952 Commando Cody returns in RADAR MEN FROM THE MOON (12 chapters)
and again in ZOMBIES OF THE STRATOSPHERE (12 chapters)
  1953 ABBOTT AND COSTELLO GO TO MARS
CAT WOMEN OF THE MOON
INVADERS FROM MARS
IT CAME FROM OUTER SPACE
PHANTOM FROM SPACE
PROJECT MOONBASE
ROBOT MONSTER
SPACEWAYS
WAR OF THE WORLDS

THE LOST PLANET (15 chapters), one of the last serials

  1954 DEVIL GIRL FROM MARS
GOJIRA (GODZILLA) premieres in Japan
KILLERS FROM SPACE
RIDERS TO THE STARS
President Eisenhower approves development of orbiting satellites, The USSR quickly makes a similar announcement 1955 CONQUEST OF SPACE
KING DINOSAUR
THE QUATERMASS XPERIMENT
THIS ISLAND EARTH

The TV 'Space Craze' dies out with the cancellation of TOM CORBETT, SPACE PATROL, and many others...

  1956 FORBIDDEN PLANET
EARTH VS. THE FLYING SAUCERS
FIRE MAIDENS FROM OUTER SPACE
INVASION OF THE BODY SNATCHERS
IT CONQUERED THE WORLD
NOT OF THIS EARTH
PLAN 9 FROM OUTER SPACE
SATELLITE IN THE SKY
WORLD WITHOUT END
OCTOBER 4: Sputnik 1 orbits the Earth

NOVEMBER 3: Sputnik 2 orbits Laika, a dog

1957 INVASION OF THE SAUCERMEN
KRONOS
QUATERMASS II
20 MILLION MILES TO EARTH
First American satellite, Explorer

NASA founded by act of Congress

1958 THE BLOB
BRAIN FROM PLANET AROUS
FROM THE EARTH TO THE MOON
I MARRIED A MONSTER FROM OUTER SPACE
IT! THE TERROR FROM BEYOND SPACE
MISSILE TO THE MOON
QUEEN OF OUTER SPACE
SPACE MASTER X-7
THE CRAWLING EYE
WAR OF THE SATELLITES
Russians probe near moon with Luna 1 1959 FIRST MAN INTO SPACE
TEENAGERS FROM OUTER SPACE

THE '60S:
     Into the new decade the output continues unabated, though with more sophisticated visualizations of space travel, thanks no doubt to the real-life space program....the genre also became comfortable enough to become a platform for humor (Mouse on the Moon, Santa Claus Conquers the Martians, Visit to a Small Planet).

First communication satellite Echo 1 1960 THE ANGRY RED PLANET
THE ATOMIC SUBMARINE
FIRST SPACESHIP ON VENUS (Der Schweigende Stern)
THE TIME MACHINE
12 TO THE MOON
VISIT TO A SMALL PLANET
Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human in outer space

MAY 25, 1961:  President John F. Kennedy commits the United States to a manned lunar landing before the end of the 1960s.

Sub-orbital flight by American Alan Shepard

1961 JOURNEY TO THE SEVENTH PLANET
THE PHANTOM PLANET
BATTLE OF THE WORLDS
John Glenn orbits the Earth 1962 INVASION OF THE STAR CREATURES
MOON PILOT
THE THREE STOOGES IN ORBIT
  1963 BATTLE BEYOND THE SUN
THE DAY OF THE TRIFFIDS
MOUSE ON THE MOON
  1964 THE CREEPING TERROR
FIRST MEN IN THE MOON
ROBINSON CRUSOE ON MARS
SANTA CLAUS CONQUERS THE MARTIANS
First 'spacewalk' by Cosmonaut Leonov, USSR

First 'space-docking' procedure, Gemini 6 & 7

1965 PLANET OF THE VAMPIRES
DR. WHO AND THE DALEKS
VOYAGE TO THE PREHISTORIC PLANET

LOST IN SPACE premieres on CBS

Probe Luna 9 (USSR) soft lands on the Moon 1966 DALEKS-INVASION EARTH 2150 AD
2+5 MISSION HYDRA
FAHRENHEIT 451
FANTASTIC VOYAGE
MARS NEEDS WOMEN
QUEEN OF BLOOD
VOYAGE TO THE PLANET OF PREHISTORIC WOMEN
WOMEN OF THE PREHISTORIC PLANET
WAY...WAY OUT
ZONTAR, THING FROM VENUS

STAR TREK premieres on NBC

Astronauts White, Grissom, and Chaffee are killed on the launchpad inside their Apollo 1 capsule when fire breaks out. 1967 BARBARELLA
JOURNEY TO THE CENTER OF TIME
Jules Verne's ROCKET TO THE MOON
QUATERMASS AND THE PIT
THE RELUCTANT ASTRONAUT
THEY CAME FROM OUTER SPACE
Apollo 8 orbits the moon and returns to the Earth 1968 ASTRO-ZOMBIES
COUNTDOWN
MISSION MARS
PLANET OF THE APES
2001: A SPACE ODYSSEY
Apollo 11 lands on the Moon, July 21 1969 BENEATH THE PLANET OF THE APES
JOURNEY TO THE FAR SIDE OF THE SUN
MAROONED

STAR TREK is cancelled by NBC

THE 70S:
     As the decade begins, the real-life successes of the Apollo program seem to take the fantasy out of space.  Films are becoming decidedly more Earth-bound, and more focused on social commentary than adventure.  Most major productions become centered much more on futurist, earth-based societies designed for social commentary (Rollerball, THX 1138, Soylent Green), with little emphasis on space (Silent Running).  The conventions of the genre had become so accepted, they even provided the setting for comedy (Dark Star, Sleeper) and pornography (Flesh Gordon).
Apollo 13 has an on-board explosion on the way to the moon--emergency action returns the 3-man crew safely to Earth 1970 THE ANDROMEDA STRAIN
THX 1138
  1971 A CLOCKWORK ORANGE
EARTH II
ESCAPE FROM THE PLANET OF THE APES
HORROR OF THE BLOOD MONSTERS
THE OMEGA MAN
SILENT RUNNING
SOLARIS
Last manned landing on the Moon, Apollo 17. 1972 CONQUEST OF THE PLANET OF THE APES
SLAUGHTERHOUSE-FIVE
Skylab, an orbiting space station made from a rocket booster, is launched. 1973 BATTLE FOR THE PLANET OF THE APES
SLEEPER
SOYLENT GREEN
WESTWORLD
ZARDOZ
  1974 DARK STAR
FLESH GORDON
TERMINAL MAN
WHO?
  1975 A BOY AND HIS DOG
DEATH RACE 2000
ROLLERBALL

SPACE:1999 premieres

Viking probes land on Mars 1976 AT THE EARTH'S CORE
FUTUREWORLD
LOGAN'S RUN
THE MAN WHO FELL TO EARTH
  1977

CAPRICORN ONE
CLOSE ENCOUNTERS OF THE THIRD KIND
STARSHIP INVASIONS

STAR WARS is released, beginning the modern era of space cinema

     The success of STAR WARS brings science-fiction into its own as a genre, both for good and bad.  Hollywood was now more willing than ever to put time and effort into SF films.  SF now became profitable enough for the major studios, who had largely left it to the independents for so long.  Of course, SF films moving more mainstream and bigger-budget didn't necessarily make them better...

 

LINKS

A timeline of Space Exploration

Kennedy commits US to a moon landing (Speech)

Kennedy Speech at Rice University (Speech)